My thanks to James Elkins for reading a substantial portion of the manuscript, for his invaluable comments, and for shaping my ideas in writing a number of specific entries. Thanks also go to Frank K. Darmstadt, executive editor at Facts On File, for his patience and encouragement, and to Jodie Rhodes, literary agent, for encouraging me to pursue this project. I also wish to thank Tucker McElroy and John Tabak for taking the time to offer advice on finding archives of historical photographs, and the staff of The Image Works for their work in finding photographs and granting permission to use them. But most of all, thanks to Lindy and Turner for their love and support, always